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Although being most commonly linked to changes in hormone levels during puberty, Acne can still manifest at any age.
Certain hormones (like androgens) cause the oil-producing glands next to hair follicles in the skin to produce larger amounts of oil (abnormal sebum). This abnormal sebum changes the activity of a usually harmless skin bacterium, called P. acnes, which becomes more aggressive and causes inflammation and pus.1

If You’re a female:

You might also notice acne forming around the time of your period as a result of hormone activity.2 Changing hormone levels in women include around your period, irregular periods, during pregnancy, during menopause or after discontinuing birth control.3

With the consistent association between acne and puberty, hormones influence both acne development and severity.  Similarly, when these hormone levels are endogenously elevated, e.g. androgens in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome or growth hormone in patients with acromegaly, acne occurs more commonly.4

References:
  1. NHS. Overview – Acne. NHS. Published 2019. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/ conditions/acne/ Accessed June, 2024
  2. Acne: Types, Causes, Treatment & Prevention. Cleveland Clinic. Available at: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12233-acne.  Last access date 3-2024.
  3. Cleveland clinic. Hormonal Acne. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21792-hormonal-acne last accessed at 6/6/2024
  4. Meixiong j. et al. Diet and acne: A systematic review . JAAD Int 2022;7:95-112.