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Acne treatment varies based on age, type of acne, and severity, aiming to stop new pimples from forming and heal existing blemishes. 1
Acne medications work by:
  • Reducing oil production and swelling 2
  • Breaking up blackheads and whiteheads and prevent dogging of the pores.1,2
  • Treating bacterial infection 2

Your doctor may recommend over-the-counter or prescription medications, which can be applied topically or taken orally.3

Topical Medications

Topical therapy is the standard of care in mild-to-moderate acne. They are only active where and when they are applied. It can be used as monotherapy or in combination with other topical therapies and/or oral agents for both initial control and maintenance of acne.4

Common topical medications include: ³

  • Retinoids: Derived from vitamin A, they help treat lesions and reduce inflammation.
  • Benzoyl Peroxide: Kills bacteria and may decrease sebum production.
  • Antibiotics: Often used with other topical medications to reduce bacteria.
  • Salicylic Acid: Helps break down blackheads and whiteheads.
  • Sulfur: Also helps break down blackheads and whiteheads.
Topical Combination therapies:

Overall, they represent a promising strategy in acne treatment,5 They include antibiotics with retinoids, retinoids with benzoyl peroxide, and antibiotics with benzoyl peroxide.6

Topical Combination therapies offer:

  • Improved efficacy and better patient outcomes 5,6
  • Simplified regimens 5
  • Reduced concerns regarding antibiotic resistance 5
  • Promote patient adherance 5
Oral Medications3

Oral medications are taken by mouth to help clear acne. They include:

  • Antibiotics: Slow or stop bacterial growth and reduce inflammation, prescribed for moderate to severe acne.
  • Isotretinoin: An oral retinoid that treats acne by opening up pores, allowing other medications to enter follicles and treat acne.
  • Hormone Therapy: Primarily for women, it helps stop the effects of androgens on the sebaceous glands.
Self-medication:

Although the world health organization support self-medication for minor ailments, it warns against its drawbacks, such as unpleasant side effects and the emergence of multi-drug resistance.⁷ It was found that 56% of medical university students suffering from acne in KSA practiced self-medication. The most common source of information for self-medication was the Internet and friends.⁷

Always Remember:

Sometimes acne will get worse during the first few weeks of treatment. You should continue in acne treatment. It will get better as treatment is continued.4

References:
  1. Acne: Types, Causes, Treatment & Prevention. Cleveland Clinic. Available at: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12233-acne. Last access date 3-2024.
  2. Treatment – Mayo Clinic. Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acne/diagnosis-treatment/treatment/txc-20368093?p=1. Last access 3-2024.
  3. Acne: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Steps to Take. NIH. Available at: href=”https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/acne/diagnosis-treatment-and-steps-to-take.%20Last%20access%203-2024″>https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/acne/diagnosis-treatment-and-steps-to-take. Last access 3-2024.
  4. Ambizas E. Acne Vulgaris: Different OTC Treatments. US Pharm. 2016;41(11):7-11. Available at: https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/acne-vulgaris-different-otc-treatments
  5. Jaiswal S, Jawade S, Madke B, et al. (March 20, 2024) Recent Trends in the Management of Acne Vulgaris: A Review Focusing on Clinical Studies in the Last Decade. Cureus 16(3): e56596.
  6. Gold LS. Fixed-combination products in the management of acne vulgaris. Cutis. 2010 Mar;85(3):160
  7. Alrabiah Z, Arafah A, Rehman MU, et al. Prevalence and Self-Medication for Acne among Students of Health-Related Science Colleges at King Saud University in Riyadh Region Saudi Arabia. Medicina (Kaunas). 2022 ;59(1):52.